Selecting the right robotics technology is one of the most critical factors for the success of an automation project. Companies are often faced with questions like: Which mobile robot fits our processes? Should it be an AGV or an AMR? Which form factors make the most sense? And how can different systems be combined efficiently?
In the third part of our five-part series, we dive deep into how to set realistic expectations for technology and make well-informed decisions.
1. Why Choosing the Right Technology is Crucial
Mobile robots are not a one-size-fits-all solution. A common mistake is rushing into a decision without thoroughly analyzing the requirements.
Potential pitfalls include:
❌ Choosing the wrong type between AGV and AMR without understanding the process requirements.
❌ Selecting an unsuitable form factor that complicates existing workflows.
❌ Investing in a system that is not scalable or unnecessarily expensive.
Similar to how Cobots in manufacturing are integrated with human tasks, mobile robots must be seen as part of a broader logistics system. Choosing the right solution is a strategic decision that should consider processes, IT systems, and future developments.
2. AGV or AMR? The Lines Are Blurring
The traditional distinction between Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) and Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) is becoming increasingly blurred. While AGVs were historically confined to fixed routes and AMRs were known for dynamic navigation, modern systems are now more hybrid than ever.
Manufacturers are equipping AGVs with smarter navigation systems, while AMRs are becoming more structured for defined pathways. Therefore, the choice is no longer about “Either-Or” but about finding the right balance between predictability and flexibility.
🔹 Fixed routes or dynamic paths? – A combination of both may be the most efficient.
🔹 Higher speed vs. higher adaptability? – AGVs are typically faster, while AMRs are more flexible.
🔹 What level of IT integration is needed? – Some systems are easier to integrate into existing processes.
💡 Key Takeaway: Instead of committing early to AGVs or AMRs, companies should keep both options open and evaluate which technology best meets their needs.
3. Form Factors: Forklift Style, Top-Loaded, or Specialized Solutions?
Beyond the core technology, the form factor of the robot plays a significant role in ensuring compatibility with existing processes. Factors like payload, handling, and integration should be carefully considered.
1️⃣ Forklift-Style Mobile Robots
🔹 Best for: Pallet handling, high-bay storage, industrial transport
🔹 Typical Systems: AGV or AMR forklifts
🔹 Advantage: Can replace traditional forklifts
🔹 Disadvantage: More expensive than platform AMRs and often more complex to maintain
💡 Recommendation: Ideal for companies with high pallet movement and high-bay storage, but budget considerations are crucial.
2️⃣ Top-Loaded AMRs & AGVs
🔹 Best for: Totes, container transport, order picking
🔹 Typical Systems: Platform AMRs, traditional AGVs
🔹 Advantage: Compact and versatile
🔹 Disadvantage: Often requires transfer stations or conveyors
💡 Recommendation: Perfect for order-picking environments or flexible material supply.
3️⃣ Specialized Mobile Robots
🔹 Best for: Niche applications (e.g., heavy-duty, indoor-outdoor logistics)
🔹 Typical Systems: Autonomous tuggers, hybrid solutions
🔹 Advantage: Tailored to specific requirements
🔹 Disadvantage: Higher costs and limited scalability
💡 Recommendation: Only consider if standard solutions are not sufficient.
4. Key Criteria for Selecting the Right Technology
Before making a decision, it’s essential to define the requirements in detail. Here are the key criteria to consider:
🔍 Process Requirements – What needs to be automated?
• Are the transport paths fixed or dynamic?
• Are there multiple types of load carriers or standardized pallets?
• What is the frequency of transport?
🔍 Environment – What infrastructure is available?
• Is the environment static (e.g., conveyor belts) or variable (e.g., changing shelf layouts)?
• Are there existing markings or guidance systems for AGVs?
🔍 IT Integration – How well does the technology fit into the existing system?
• Are interfaces to WMS, ERP, or MES needed?
• Is a central control system required for a mixed fleet?
🔍 Scalability & Future-Proofing
• How easy is it to integrate additional robots?
• Are software updates and expansions possible?
• Can the system grow with increasing demands?
💡 Tip: The chosen technology should not only meet current needs but also accommodate future developments.
5. AGVs vs. AMRs: The Choice Isn’t Black and White
The lines between AGVs and AMRs are blurring. Companies are no longer forced to choose one over the other but can leverage the strengths of both.
💡 Key Takeaway: The choice between AGVs and AMRs depends on existing processes and the required level of flexibility. Keep options open and avoid premature decisions.
Conclusion: Setting Realistic Expectations for Technology
Choosing the right mobile robotic solution is critical for project success. Companies should not only compare AGVs and AMRs but also consider the form factor and integration into existing processes.
Summary:
✅ AGVs and AMRs are merging – stay flexible and open-minded.
✅ Forklift-style robots are powerful but expensive.
✅ Top-loaded systems are compact and flexible for smaller loads.
✅ The technology must be scalable and easily integrable.
📢 In the next part of the series, we’ll discuss how to successfully integrate mobile robots into existing processes – and what companies need to watch out for.